Glossary
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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE MATRIX
Definition: the intercellular substance of articular cartilage, composed of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and water, which provides structural support and enables the cartilage to resist mechanical stress.
Context: the matrix is crucial for the functioning of joints, as it allows smooth movement and acts as a cushion between bones.
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BACTERIAL FERMENTATION
Definition: A method of producing substances like hyaluronic acid using bacterial cultures.
Context: Ensures high purity and biocompatibility of the product.
BIOFERMENTATION
Definition: A biological process that uses microorganisms to produce substances like hyaluronic acid with high purity, low protein levels, and low endotoxins.
Context: Utilized to produce ultra-pure hyaluronic acid for medical applications.
BIOMECHANICAL PERFORMANCE
Definition: The functional behavior of biological systems under mechanical forces.
Context: Improved by treatments like viscosupplementation to enhance joint function.
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CHONDROPROTECTORS
Definition: Substances that protect cartilage from degradation and promote its repair.
Context: Used in the management of osteoarthritis.
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GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS (GAGS)
Definition: long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of repeating disaccharide units, which are highly hydrophilic and play a critical role in maintaining the structural integrity and hydration of connective tissues.
Context: GAGs, including hyaluronic acid, are essential components of the cartilage matrix, contributing to its viscoelastic properties.
H
HYALURONIC ACID (HA)
Definition: A polysaccharide found naturally in the human body, particularly in connective tissues, eyes, and skin, known for its viscoelastic properties.
Context: Used in viscosupplementation to improve joint function and relieve pain.
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NAHYCO® HYBRID TECHNOLOGY
Definition: An innovative production process that combines high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acids and sodium chondroitin through a thermal process.
Context: Results in hybrid formulations with improved efficacy and prolonged effect.
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OSTEOARTHRITIS (OA)
Definition: A degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
Context: The most common cause of chronic joint pain and disability.
OSTEOPHYTES
Definition: Bone spurs or growths at the edges of joints.
Context: Indicative of joint degeneration in osteoarthritis.
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PLATELET-RICH PLASMA (PRP)
Definition: A treatment involving the injection of a concentration of a patient’s own platelets to enhance healing of joints and tissues.
Context: Used in intra-articular therapies for joint pain and injury.
POLYSACCHARIDE
Definition: a carbohydrate molecule composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bonded together, which can serve structural functions or store energy.
Context: hyaluronic acid is a type of polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
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RHEOLOGY
Definition: The study of the flow and deformation of matter.
Context: Important in evaluating the properties of joint fluids and viscosupplementation products.
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PRIMARY OSTEOARTHRITIS
Definition: Osteoarthritis that develops due to a combination of risk factors like aging, obesity, and genetics.
Context: A natural progression of joint wear and tear.
SECONDARY OSTEOARTHRITIS
Definition: Osteoarthritis resulting from specific causes such as trauma, surgery, or congenital joint abnormalities.
Context: Caused by identifiable events or conditions.
SYNOVIAL FLUID
Definition: A viscous fluid that lubricates joints and provides nutrients to cartilage.
Context: Essential for joint health and function.
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
Definition: A layer of connective tissue that lines the cavities of joints, producing synovial fluid.
Context: Plays a crucial role in maintaining joint lubrication and health.
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ULTRAFILTRATION
Definition: A purification process that removes small particles and impurities from solutions.
Context: Used in the production of high-purity hyaluronic acid.
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VISCOELASTICITY
Definition: a property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation, allowing them to absorb and dissipate energy.
Context: the viscoelasticity of synovial fluid and the cartilage matrix is crucial for joint function, providing both lubrication and shock absorption during movement.
VISCOSUPPLEMENTATION
Definition: A medical procedure involving the injection of hyaluronic acid into joints to restore the viscoelastic properties of synovial fluid.
Context: Commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis.